<h1>UNSC Presidency Term&nbsp;</h1> <h2>Context:</h2><ul><li>Recently, India assumed the presidency of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) for August month 2021.</li></ul> <h2>India as Non-Permanent member of UNSC:</h2><ul><li>In June 2020, after winning 184 out of 193 votes at UNGA, India was elected to UNSC non-permanent member.</li><li>Membership is for the time period of 2021-22.</li><li>India was the only candidate from the Asia-Pacific category.</li><li>This is India's 8th term on UNSC.</li></ul> Few important points related to India being a member of the UNSC<ul><li>India would chair the following 3 committees of UNSC:</li></ul><ol><li class="ql-indent-3">Counterterrorism Committee</li><li class="ql-indent-3">Taliban Sanctions Committee</li><li class="ql-indent-3">Libya Sanctions Committee</li></ol> <ul><li>The 5S approach of India:</li><li class="ql-indent-1">Samman (respect)</li><li class="ql-indent-1">Samvad (dialogue)</li><li class="ql-indent-1">Sahyog (cooperation)</li><li class="ql-indent-1">Shanti (peace)</li><li class="ql-indent-1">Samriddhi (prosperity)</li></ul><h3> </h3><h2>United Nations Security Council (UNSC):</h2><ul><li>Established in 1945 with headquarter in New York.</li></ul> <ul><li>Security Council is one of the six principal organs of the UN and the other 5 organs are:</li></ul><ol><li class="ql-indent-3">The General Assembly</li><li class="ql-indent-3">The Trusteeship Council</li><li class="ql-indent-3">The Economic and Social Council</li><li class="ql-indent-3">The International Court of Justice</li><li class="ql-indent-3">The Secretariat.</li></ol> <ul><li>UNSC has 15 members:</li><li class="ql-indent-1">5 are permanent, which are:</li></ul><ol><li class="ql-indent-3">United States</li><li class="ql-indent-3">United Kingdom</li><li class="ql-indent-3">France</li><li class="ql-indent-3">Russia</li><li class="ql-indent-3">China</li></ol><ul><li class="ql-indent-1">10 are Non-permanent members elected for 2-year terms.</li></ul> <ul><li>The Council's presidency rotates every month among its 15 members.</li></ul> <ul><li>Role of the Council:</li></ul><ol><li class="ql-indent-1">Ensuring international peace and security</li><li class="ql-indent-1">Recommending admission of new UN members to the General Assembly</li><li class="ql-indent-1">Approving changes to the UN Charter</li></ol> <ul><li>Powers of the Council:</li></ul><ol><li class="ql-indent-1">Establishing peacekeeping operations</li><li class="ql-indent-1">Enacting international sanctions</li><li class="ql-indent-1">Authorizing military action</li></ol> <ul><li>UNSC is the only UN body that can issue binding resolutions on member states.</li></ul> <ul><li>Voting at UNSC:</li><li class="ql-indent-1">Each member of the Security Council has one vote</li><li class="ql-indent-1">Decisions of the Council are made by consenting vote of 9 members including votes of permanent members.</li><li class="ql-indent-1">The 5 permanent members are given 'great power unanimity' known as Veto Power, which means if any permanent member vetoes a resolution it can't be passed even if it has 9 votes.</li></ul> <h3> </h3>